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CONDITIONALS

CONDITIONALS

Conditional sentences consider imagined or uncertain situations and the possible results of these situations. The most common types of conditional sentences involve if:

[imagined situation]If I get the job in Milan, [result]I’ll be pretty happy.

[outcome]We’ll have the party in the garden            [imagined situation]as long as it doesn’t rain. 

(or … if it doesn’t rain. or … on condition that it doesn’t rain.)

Conditional sentences

Conditional sentences consist of a conditional clause and a main clause:

[conditional clause]If a lot of people come, [main clause]we’ll have to get extra chairs

The verb in the conditional clause reflects the speaker’s point of view on whether the imagined situation is likely or impossible:

If you win the next match, will you be in the semi-final? (present simple + will indicates the speaker thinks winning the match is possible or likely)

If I won a million pounds, I would give this job up tomorrow! (past simple + wouldindicates the speaker thinks winning a million pounds is not likely to happen)

If we had won the competition, we would have had a free trip to Moscow. (past perfect + would have refers to an impossible condition – the event did not happen)

Order of clauses

Conditional clauses usually come before main clauses but they may also come after them:

If you see Dora, will you give her a message? (conditional clause first; a comma is normally used in writing)

I’ll go to Bristol tomorrow if the weather is good. (conditional clause second; a comma is not normally used in writing)

Verb forms in the conditional clause

The verb in the conditional clause may be in the simple form or the continuous form, depending on the meaning:

If you owe money, you must pay it back immediately. (simple)

If you’re feeling hungry, we can go and get something to eat. (continuous)

If he had time, he always called in to see us. (simple)

If they were working, we always tried not to disturb them. (continuous)

https://www.englishtutoronline.com/english/how-to-use-third-conditional-grammar/

taken from = 

  https://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/conditionals-and-wishes/conditionals

ZERO CONDITIONAL

ZERO CONDITIONAL

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

If + present simple, .... present simple.

This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause.

The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning.

For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (It is always true, there can't be a different result sometimes). If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts)

Here are some more examples:

https://www.lewolang.com/gramatica-inglesa/22/zero-conditional

If you don't put sun cream on, you get burnt.

https://www.lewolang.com/gramatica-inglesa/22/zero-conditional

You get orange if you mix red and yellow.

https://www.lewolang.com/gramatica-inglesa/22/zero-conditional

If you feel sick, go to the doctor.

• If people eat too much, they get fat.
• If you touch a fire, you get burned.
• People die if they don't eat.
• You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
• Snakes bite if they are scared
• If babies are hungry, they cry

TAKEN FROM=

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/zero-conditional.html

FIRST CONDITIONAL

FIRST CONDITIONAL

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

• if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

• If it rains, I won't go to the park.
• If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
• If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
• She'll be late if the train is delayed.
• She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
• If I see her, I'll tell her.
• 
  

The First Conditional Structure

Take a look at this situation:

If I’m late tonight

This is the condition or the possible event, but this is not a complete sentence. There is some information missing. What will happen if I’m late tonight? We need another clause to explain the likely result.

Take a look at this result:

my mom will be angry

This is a complete sentence, but there is also some information missing. Why will my mom be angry? What condition, event, or situation will make my mom angry?

If I’m late tonight, my mom will be angry.

Will my mom be angry tonight if I’m late? Maybe. Probably. She may not be angry, but there is a real possibility that she will be angry. In the first conditional structure, the if-clause has a 50% or better chance of happening.

This is the first conditional sentence structure:

If + present simple, will + verb

https://slideplayer.com/slide/10416257/

https://sites.google.com/a/albayan.tzafonet.org.il/eman-asadey/gramar/first-coditional

TAKEN FROM=

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-conditional.html

http://www.englishteachermelanie.com/grammar-the-1st-first-conditional/

SECOND CONDITIONAL

SECOND CONDITIONAL

The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:

• if + past simple, ...would + infinitive

(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing).

It has two uses.

First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.

• If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)
• If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
• She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
• She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't happen)

Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:

• If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).
• If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.

How is this different from the first conditional?

This kind of conditional sentence is different from the first conditional because this is a lot more unlikely.

For example (second conditional): If I had enough money I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool (I'm probably not going to have this much money, it's just a dream, not very real)

But (first conditional): If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes (It's much more likely that I'll have enough money to buy some shoes)

Could in Second Conditional sentences

COULD can be used instead of WOULD to make the hypothetical present or future more likely.

• If he trained every day, he could represent his country
• If I had a little more money, I could buy a car.

Conditional verb (would + verb) + If + Past Simple

• I would be happy if I had more free time.
• I would tell you the answer if I knew what it was.
• There would be fewer accidents if everyone drove more carefully.
• We would have a lot of money if we sold our house.
• Would she come if I paid for her flight?
• Would you accept the job if they offered it to you?
• What would you do if you won the lottery?

https://presentsimpleesl.wordpress.com/2012/08/21/second-conditional-unreal-possibility/

TAKEN FROM=

http://www.grammar.cl/english/second-conditional.htm

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional.html

THIRD CONDITIONAL

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/upper-intermediate/unit-1/session-1

We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence:

• if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle

When we are talking about something in the past which cannot be altered now, we use:

If + Past Perfect, would have + past participle

EXAMPLE: If you had studied all of these grammar pages, you would have passed the exam.

You can not alter or change the past. You didn't study in the past (something you cannot change now) so you didn't pass the exam. It is an imaginary situation that didn't happen.

• If you had been more careful, you wouldn't have had an accident.
• If I had seen you, I would have said hello.
• If he had asked me, I would have helped him.
• If you had studied, they would have passed the exam.
• If I had known, I wouldn't have done that.

Notice how this tense can be used to say that you regret doing something or when you are telling someone off (reproaching someone). This type of conditional can also be used when making excuses.

We can also change the word order of the sentence...

Would have + If + past perfect

EXAMPLE: You would have passed the exam if you had studied all of these grammar pages.

• I wouldn't have left my job if I had known how difficult it is to find another one.
• I would have taken a photo if I had brought my camera with me.
• He would have died if the ambulance hadn't arrived quickly.
• She would have gone to your birthday party if she hadn't been sick.
• He wouldn't have become lost if he had taken the map with him.
• The team would have won if the referee hadn't taken the bribe.
• You wouldn't haved needed fillings if you had brushed your teeth more frequently.

https://www.cglearn.it/mysite/grammar/verbs/conditional-sentences/third-conditional/

https://teacherletang.jimdo.com/2016/03/07/22-3rd-conditional/

TAKEN FROM=

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/third-conditional.html

http://www.grammar.cl/english/third-conditional.htm

CONDITIONALS EXERCISES

EXERCISES

Conditional sentences

Put in the correct verb forms.

1. He can write good stories if he  (to feel) like it.
2. John's mother  (to have) more time for him if he does the washing up.
3. If the weather had been better, we  (to come) by bike.

Which type of the Conditional sentences is used?

1. If I find your key, I'll tell you.
    type I (condition possible to fulfil)
    type II (condition in theory possible to fulfil)
    type III (condition not possible to fulfil - too late)
2. She would be very happy if her friends came.
    type I (condition possible to fulfil)
    type II (condition in theory possible to fulfil)
    type III (condition not possible to fulfil - too late)
3. My parents would have bought the house if it had been cheaper.
    type I (condition possible to fulfil)
    type II (condition in theory possible to fulfil)
    type III (condition not possible to fulfil - too late)

Complete the sentences.

1. type I: If I  (to study), I  (to pass) the test.
2. type I: They  (to fly) to Canberra if they  (to have) more money.
3. type II: If the sun  (to shine), we  (to go)swimming.

Conditional Sentences Type I

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.

• If you (go)  out with your friends tonight, I (watch)  the football match on TV.
• I (earn)  a lot of money if I (get)  that job.
• If she (hurry / not) , we (miss)  the bus.

Conditional Sentences Type II

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.

• If he (try)  harder, he (reach)  his goals.
• I (buy)  these shoes if they (fit) .
• It (surprise / not)  me if he (know / not)  the answer.

Conditional Sentences Type III

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

• If we (listen)  to the radio, we (hear)  the news.
• If you (switch)  on the lights, you (fall / not)  over the chair.
• She (come)  to our party if she (be / not)  on holiday.

Zero conditional

Complete the zero conditional sentences with the verb in brackets. Use contractions where possible.

it turns I go they don't have he's comes you aren't I don't know we don't do

1. If you press that button, the light(come) on.
2. It's easier to sleep if(you / not / be) stressed.
3. The teacher gets angry if(we / not / work) hard.
4. If(I / go) on a boat, I always feel sick.
5. His mother gets annoyed if(he / be) late.
6. If(I / not / know) a word, I look in my dictionary.
7. They play football if(they / not / have) any homework.
8. If you freeze water,(it / turn) to ice.

Type I or Type II

Decide whether the following Conditional Sentences are Type I or Type II.

1. If they go to Australia, they will go whale-watching.
    Type I  Type II
2. If she had a mobile, I would call her.
    Type I  Type II
3. If Bob were here, he would have a solution for our problem.
    Type I  Type II
4. If you move here, we will see each other more often.
    Type I  Type II
5. You'll live longer if you stop smoking.
    Type I  Type II
6. If Sarah didn't go with John, Anna would try to become his girlfriend.
    Type I  Type II
7. I will only dance if they play my favourite song.
    Type I  Type II
8. I wouldn't buy that computer if I didn't need it.
    Type I  Type II
9. If she doesn't feel better tomorrow, she will see a doctor.
    Type I  Type II
10. I'd lend you money if I had any.
     Type I  Type II

TAKEN FROM= 

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/complex_tests/if_clauses1/index.php

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-3

https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions1stedition/preint_unit_page/unit6/grammar/exercise2?cc=us&selLanguage=en

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/exercises